眾所周知，閱讀是考研英語(yǔ)中最重要的一個(gè)題型，四篇閱讀理解占到了該科目總分的40%，因此才有了“得閱讀者得天下”的說(shuō)法。本文分享“2019考研英語(yǔ)閱讀：三正一誤的判斷、推理和引申題”相關(guān)內(nèi)容，一起來(lái)看看吧。
三正一誤
三正一誤題型要求考生判斷哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章不符。檢驗(yàn)答案時(shí)有兩種方式，一是正確選項(xiàng)所給的信息在文中根本沒(méi)有提到過(guò)，二是正確選項(xiàng)所給信息與文中其他內(nèi)容相互沖突。
1996年第56題：
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well as listening to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual license fee of ￡83 per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC's future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain’t broken, don't fix it.” The BBC “ain’t broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word ‘broke’, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels—TV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?
[A] Extension of its TV service to Far East.
[B] Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.
[C] Potentials for further international co- operations.
[D] Its existence as a broadcasting organization.
下列哪一項(xiàng)BBC沒(méi)有作為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題提及?
這是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三正一誤推理引申題。正確答案：C。
由歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題可知，閱讀理解部分的試題中，大多數(shù)是針對(duì)段落的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)的，其目的是為了測(cè)試考生對(duì)組成段落的主體部分的理解。在每年的考試中，細(xì)節(jié)題的數(shù)量是最多的，大約占50%，其中涉及對(duì)文章中復(fù)雜句、列舉、例證、引用、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等的處理，因此做好這類(lèi)題至關(guān)重要。
另外，細(xì)節(jié)題的測(cè)試在另一方面也可以考察考生對(duì)段落結(jié)構(gòu)的理解程度，哪些是輔助論點(diǎn)，哪些是主要脈絡(luò)，只有對(duì)這些細(xì)節(jié)有一定的了解，我們才能更深入地領(lǐng)會(huì)文 章。文章的細(xì)節(jié)并不是孤立的，它總要與其他事實(shí)前后呼應(yīng)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作者總會(huì)把同等性質(zhì)的事實(shí)放在一起，并借助不同的銜接手段進(jìn)行組合，從而達(dá)到說(shuō)服讀者 或闡明觀點(diǎn)的目的。其提問(wèn)方式不外乎有以下幾種：
The author provides following examples except …
According to the author, all of the following are true except (that)____.
Which is among the best possible ways to…?
Which of the following would NOT be an example____?
Which of the following is the LEAST likely…?
對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題我們要從詞義與語(yǔ)法(句法)著手，從這個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，此類(lèi)考題又可被細(xì)劃分以下幾個(gè)細(xì)類(lèi)：
1. 因果標(biāo)志語(yǔ)
表因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞可具體分為：
(1)表原因
because of, since, for, as, now that, seeing that, owing to, caused by, the main reason for…is
(2)表結(jié)果
hence, thus, so, therefore, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, for that reason
2. 結(jié)論標(biāo)志語(yǔ)
in general, generally speaking, in short, in a word, to be brief in all, in simple words
3. 轉(zhuǎn)折與對(duì)比語(yǔ)
but, however, nevertheless, otherwise, dissimilarly, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast, in opposition to, on the opposite side
4. 比較類(lèi)型標(biāo)記語(yǔ)
similarly, likewise, in similar fashion, in similar way, in the same matter, just as
5. 列舉標(biāo)志語(yǔ)
one… another…still another, first…second…third
6. 舉例標(biāo)志語(yǔ)
for example, as an example, as an instance, take…as an example, let me cite… as a proof
